Human and Economic Development are coupled—but not always in ways advantageous to health and wellbeing. The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) annually publishes a Global Human Development Report. There are also National Human Development Reports (NHDRs) produced in 135 countries, and 31 regional reports. The NHDRs include a Human Development Index made up of statistical indicators of income, health, and education.
“Twenty years after the appearance of the first Human Development Report, there is much to celebrate in what has been achieved. But we also have to be alive to ways of improving the assessment of old adversities and of recognizing—and responding to—new threats that endanger human well-being and freedom.“ Amartya Sen, Human Development Report 2010 (20th Anniversary Edition) (p. vii).
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The Human Development concept
Human Development is a development paradigm that is about much more than the rise or fall of national incomes. It is about creating an environment in which people can develop their full potential and lead productive, creative lives in accord with their needs and interests. People are the real wealth of nations. Development is thus about expanding the choices people have to lead lives that they value. And it is thus about much more than economic growth, which is only a means —if a very important one —of enlarging people’s choices. Fundamental to enlarging these choices is building human capabilities —the range of things that people can do or be in life. The most basic capabilities for human development are to lead long and healthy lives, to be knowledgeable, to have access to the resources needed for a decent standard of living and to be able to participate in the life of the community. Without these, many choices are simply not available, and many opportunities in life remain inaccessible. Source: UNDP Human Development Report Website, viewed Nov. 20, 2010.
A good example of a program that couples health and human development through university-community partnerships and education is the Partnerships for Environmental Public Health (PEPH) program based in the USA’s National Institutes of Health. The PEPH brings together scientists, community members, educators, health care providers, public health officials, and policy makers in the shared goal of advancing the impact of environmental public health research at local, regional, and national levels. PEPH leaders define Environmental Public Health as the science of conducting and translating research into action to address environmental exposures and health risks of concern to the public. By fostering local, regional, and national partnerships between and among community residents/organizations, researchers, and other stakeholders in the research process, vital information about the linkages between exposures and disease can be discovered and used to promote health and reduce the risk of disease across the populations at highest risk. Source: http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/programs/peph/index.cfm
Partnerships for Environmental Public Health (PEPH) is an example of an integrated program; it strives to:
•Strategically coordinate and integrate the various new and existing initiatives that involve communities and scientists working together on contemporary issues in Environmental Public Health research
•Develop and evaluate strategies to communicate environmental public health messages to a diversity of audiences
•Create and provide materials to increase awareness and literacy about environmental health risks
•Evaluate program contributions to the advancement of environmental public health
A hallmark of this program is that communities are actively engaged in all stages of the research, dissemination, and evaluation. Emphasis is placed on robust research to investigate linkages between exposure and disease, as well as research and evaluation to improve the theories, methods, and implementation strategies for working with communities to address their environmental health concerns. The program emphasizes both scientific advances and development of practical materials for use in communities, with a focus on translating research findings into tools, materials, and resources that can be used by a variety of audiences to prevent, reduce, or eliminate adverse health outcomes caused by environmental exposures. http://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/programs/peph/index.cfm
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